WHAT WILLYOU DO?
A Women’s Work is Never Done (1957) (South Glamorgan,Wales: Honno, 2006), 18.
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33 Miners’ Baths Miners’ Baths: Baths at the Works and Pit Heads, with Thomas Richardson and other experts, 3rd ed.
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The third edition notes that for the first edition, ‘we had to go to Belgium for our examples’ before the photographs that appeared in a 1 December 1911 issue of ‘The Iron and Coal Trades’ Review’ appeared (Baths at the Pitheads, 3). After its first appearance, the pamphlet subsequently ran through at least five more editions. ‘Katharine Bruce Glasier’ appears at the end of the text of each, suggesting that she is the sole author, drawing on expertise of others named on the title page. In the sixth edition, Robert Smillie is introduced as the author of a short section in the middle of the pamphlet. Wills makes the same point as Glasier about the ownership of dirt: [W]hy should the miner take all the marks of his toil upon him from the pit to the home?
Professor Andrew Chamberlain
Why should he not be able to throw off his begrimed working clothes at the pit-head, have a hot bath, and walk to his home in clean clothes, guiltless of the dirt, the stains and the dampness of the pit? In her memoir, Elizabeth Andrews corroborated Wills’s and Glasier’s accounts: In many a cottage there were three or four miners having to bath in a tub in front of the fire. The small kitchen was often the only available living room in the house and had to serve as a bathroom, laundry, bakery, dining room and nursery. The heat from buy cenforce pills the large open fire, and the stench from the wet pit clothes made the atmosphere unbearable. The mother and wife had to tolerate all this. 34 ‘Civilisation would have been impossible without women, as women, with their domestic interests and sympathies.
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It was women as mothers who invented the early arts, who created music, and who evoked love,’ she writes in her Labour Leader column on 16 February 1906.
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Glasier’s interest in the art of everyday life can be trace to a variety of sources, including New Life socialism.
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See also Sheila Rowbowthom, Rebel Crossings: New Women, Free Lovers, and Radicals in Britain and the United States (London: Verso, 2016). 9 See Chapter 6, ‘New Housework, New Homes,’ of Sheila Rowbotham’s Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the 20th Century (London: Verso, 2010), 125–47. 10 Hannam, ‘Women as Paid Organizers and Propagandists for the British Labour Party Between the Wars’, International Labor and Working Class History 77, no. 11 See June Hannam and Karen Hunt, Socialist Women: Britain 1880s–1920s. I write about Glasier’s early years as an activist and novelist in ‘Katharine Conway’s Ethics of Intimacy’, Journal of Victorian Culture 29, no.
Allegra Galvin
A few sentences regarding Conway’s biography, re-printed here, appeared first in that essay. 12 Biographical details are drawn from Chris Wrigley, ‘Glasier, Katherine St John Bruce [née Katharine St John Conway] (1867–1950)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (23 September 2004) and Erika Rothwell, ‘Katharine Bruce Glasier’, in Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 190: British Reform Writers, vigora spray 1832–1914, ed. Gary Kelly and Ed Applegate (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1998), 120–6. See also Laurence Thompson, The Enthusiasts: A Biography of John and Katharine Bruce Glasier (London: Gollancz, 1971), 58–78. On its ethical and moral tenets, see Sheila Rowbowtham and Jeffrey Weeks, Socialism and the New Life: The Personal and Sexual Politics of Edward Carpenter
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and Havelock Ellis (London: Pluto Press, 1977); Kevin Manton, ‘The Fellowship of
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13 For an account of this moment, see Sheila Rowbotham, Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love (London: Verso, 2009), 134. 14 The Independent Labour Party was one of the affiliated parties through which those seeking membership in the Labour Party could join its ranks. After 1918, membership in an affiliated group was no longer required for Labour Party membership. The Women’s Labour League became a section of the Labour Party in 1918. 15 See Christine Collette, For Labour and for Women: The Women’s Labour League, 1906–1918 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998).
Christopher Hird
16 Seth Koven, Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 206. 17 Pamphlet to the Women of Westminster (December 1894), n.p. Sally Alexander notes the ‘anguished’ attitudes of Fabian socialist women on the subject of domestic servants: ‘Some Fabian women refused to employ any but the most essential; others ate with them; most characteristic were the several schemes for their better training and industrial organization.’ ‘Introduction,’ in Women’s Fabian Tracts, ed. The Clarion’s women’s column reports the best practices of ‘Marion Coates Hanson, of Saltburnby-by-Sea’ in 1901: Keeps two ‘helps.’ Believes in method and justice. Won’t allow any to impose upon them. the New Life: English Ethical Socialism Reconsidered’, History of Political Thought 24, no.
| Organization Name | Focus Area | Location | Collaboration Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Environmental Alliance | Climate & Environment | UK | Active |
| Animal Rights UK | Wildlife & Animals | UK | Joint Campaigns |
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| Local Community Trust | Social Welfare | UK | Ongoing |
2 (2003): 282–304; Diana Maltz, British Aestheticism and the Urban Working Classes, 1870–1900 (Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006); Diana Maltz, ‘Ardent Service: Female Eroticism and New Life Ethics in Gertrude Dix's The Image Breakers (1900)’, Journal of Victorian Culture 17, no.
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29 Glasier announces the pithead baths campaign as ‘[a] New Crusade, nothings less … . It began with “Baths for Miners.” It will not end till every form of “Industrial Dirt” … has been driven out of the streets and homes of the people.’ Baths at the Pithead and the Works, 3rd edition of Miners’ Baths, Enlarged and Completely Revised, (Women’s Labour League), n.d. (1912), 1. 30 Baths for Miners: A Woman’s Pleas for the Wives and Daughters of British Pitmen (Ernest W. Kipp’s, 1911), 3–4.
Professor Mike Stubbs
32 Miners’ Baths by Mrs Bruce Glasier, Thos. Richardson, and other experts, 3rd edition of Miners’ Baths, Enlarged and Completely Revised (Women’s Labour League, 1912), 5. I am guessing a 1911 publication date for this pamphlet’s first print run. I have been unable to find a copy of this first edition. Its second and third editions were published in 1912, as Baths at the Pithead and the Works. 35 Barry Supple notes ‘the perception, amounting to revulsion, with which [miners] were viewed
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6 My interest in Glasier’s career stems, in part, from a desire to continue the tradition of studying British women’s labour activism that emerged in the 1980s and ’90s. Ellen Ross notes the decline in women’s history since that time: ‘social theory, especially that of Foucault, challenged the social-scientific methodology that so many historians worked with, discouraging this kind of scholarship. When it was then revived in the 2000s it crystalized around a social imaginary less concerned with women’s history, more so with histories of gender, gender relationships, and sexuality.’ ‘Women and Wages in Britain’s ‘Classic’ Slums’, in The Oxford Handbook of the Modern Slum, ed. Alan Mayne (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023), 38. 7 An early history of the Fabians was written by the Society’s executive secretary, Edward Pease, The History of the Fabian Society (New York: E.P.
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Subsequent histories include Margaret Cole, The Story of Fabian Socialism (London: Heineman, 1961); A.M. McBriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962); Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, The First Fabians (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977). On British socialism, see Mark Bevir, The Making of British Socialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011) and Stanley Pierson, British Socialists: the Journey from Fantasy to Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979). On socialist and Fabian feminism, see Sally Alexander, ‘Introduction’, in Women’s Fabian Tracts, ed. Sally Alexander (London: Routledge, 1988), 1–16; David Rubinstein, Before the Suffragettes: Women’s Emancipation in the 1890’s (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester, 1986); June Hannam and Karen Hunt, Socialist Women: Britain 1880s–1920s (London: Routledge, 2001). by other members of society.’ The History of the British Coal Industry (4 vols.) Vol.
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Members of family self-helpers who leave bathrooms and bedrooms tidy. Girls allowed out every evening and whatever afternoons they choose. Katharine Bruce Glasier’s biographer, Laurence Thompson, writes of the domestic help in her home: most of the work was done, not of course by a servant, but by a ‘house-friend,’ Jennie Davies, who came to them when they moved to Chapel, and looked after them devotedly until her marriage twelve years later. Feminism and the Servant Problem: Class and Domestic Labour in the Woman’s Suffrage Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), 91. 25 On women’s expertise as urban planners, see Helen Meller, ‘Women and Citizenship: Gender and the Built Environment in British Cities, 1870–1939’, in Cities of Ideas: Civil Society and Urban Governance in Britain, 1800–2000, Essays in Honour of David Reeder, ed.
Rosie Wellesley
Robert Colls and Richard Rodger (Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004), 231–57. On women’s participation in early twentieth century sociological investigations, see Ann Oakley, ‘Women, the Early Development of Sociological Research Methods in Britain and the London School of Economics: A (Partially) Retrieved History’, Sociology 54, no. 26 Rowbowtham, Dreamers of a New Day, 134. 27 Chapter 6, ‘New Housework, New Homes’, in Dreamers of libido booster for women a New Day: Women Who Invented the 20th Century (London: Verso, 2010), 125–47. 28 The Act required 2/3 of any colliery’s employees to vote in favour of the baths’ installation and for the miners to assume half the costs of maintaining them: Where a majority ascertained by ballot, of two-thirds of the workmen employed in any mine … desire that accommodation and facilities for taking baths and drying clothes should be provided at the mine and undertake to pay half the cost … the owner shall forthwith provide sufficient and suitable accommodation. 4: 1913–1946: The Political Economy of Decline (Clarendon, 1987), 474–5.
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